January 7, 2000
Volume XXXIII, No. 1


 

HSC serves as central lab for Gulf War Illnesses study

Dr. Joel Baseman's microbiology laboratory is an important place these days, especially for U.S. veterans and families who want to know, finally, what causes Gulf War Illnesses. The mysterious symptoms--fatigue, muscle pain, memory deficits, headache, rash, nausea, joint pain and insomnia have persisted throughout the 1990s in thousands of veterans and reappear intermittently in others.

The lab at the Health Science Center, where Dr. Baseman is professor and chairman of the Department of Microbiology, is the central reference laboratory for a nationwide U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) study of Gulf War Illnesses. Blood samples from prospective enrollees are shipped daily to San Antonio from nearly 30 centers, and patients are enrolled based on the lab's findings. The ultimate quest is to define a causative agent or agents for Gulf War Illnesses.

Military personnel in Bahrain, who have donned protective suits, wait for anthrax vaccinations, which were given during the Persian Gulf War as a preventive measure.

"We are performing highly specific tests for the presence of mycoplasmas in the bloods of Gulf War-ill patients, who by definition were deployed in the Persian Gulf in the early 1990s," Dr. Baseman said. Mycoplasmas, the smallest of bacteria, are cellular invaders that live off host cells' nutrients in a parasitic relationship, he said. Dr. Baseman's previous work has advanced the idea that mycoplasmas not only are primary pathogens (agents initiating certain diseases), but also are co-factors in various disease processes, including HIV infection.

The most widely known mycoplasma is M. pneumoniae, the infectious agent implicated in walking pneumonia, though it is not frequently diagnosed. The VA study focuses on other mycoplasma species as well, including M. fermentans. "Mycoplasmas are highly advanced bacteria advanced in the sense that they have such streamlined genomes (or complements of genes)," Dr. Baseman said. "They appear to have evolved to lose much of their DNA in favor of relying on host cells, which makes them very difficult to detect and to eradicate."

Dr. Baseman, a Ph.D.-trained microbiologist, admits he is on neither side of a scientific medical controversy. Some colleagues strongly endorse the view that mycoplasmas are the demons of Gulf War Illnesses and chronic fatigue; others say there is no proof for the position and that data surrounding mycoplasma involvement are not convincing. Mycoplasma infection is not found in every Gulf War patient. One previous study found that only about half of the blood samples of Gulf War veterans revealed positive DNA signals for mycoplasmas.

"We have a highly sensitive technique to detect the presence of mycoplasmas in the blood," Dr. Baseman said. "We have taken a fundamental technique, polymerase chain reaction or PCR, and modified it to maximize its specificity and sensitivity for mycoplasmas. That's what we are using in our role as central laboratory to determine whether individuals with Gulf War Illnesses should be entered into this very large multicenter VA study."

The lab analyzed more than 600 samples in the first six months of the trial. The study consists of a one-year enrollment phase, one year of treatment and one year of data analysis. Participants must have served in the Gulf War between August 1990 and August 1991 and must be suffering from at least two of three otherwise unexplained symptoms: fatigue, muscle and/or joint pain, and memory and thinking problems.

Bacterial cousins such as E. coli and Salmonella are 10 times larger than the sleek mycoplasmas. "Mycoplasma infection is not easy to diagnose," Dr. Baseman said. "It takes specialized laboratories and tests, and there aren't a lot of places that do it. We're one of them and that's how we got involved in this major study."

The VA study is randomized and placebo-controlledhalf the veterans receive active medicine to treat Gulf War Illnesses and the other half receive a placebo. Neither veterans nor their doctors know who is receiving the active medicine. The active therapy is doxycycline, an antibiotic in use for more than 30 years. Previous smaller studies indicated it might be effective in treating Gulf War-ill veterans.

"The primary objective is to determine whether a year's course of treatment with doxycycline in patients with Gulf War Illnesses, who are positive for mycoplasma species as determined by Dr. Baseman's laboratory, improves functional status in comparison to similar patients treated with placebo," said Dr. Joseph F. Collins, director of the Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center at the VA Maryland Health Care System in Perry Point, Md. The center provides nationwide coordination for the study.

The participating 26 VA centers and two U.S. Department of Defense centers are in every region of the country. Patient enrollment is ethnically representative. The South Texas Veterans Health Care System's Audie Murphy Division, located in San Antonio, is part of a different VA Gulf War study focusing on exercise and behavioral therapy. The Houston VA is the Texas enrolling center for the antibiotic study.

A paper published in the June 1999 issue of the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine noted that more than 10 percent of veterans who served in the Gulf War receive some kind of disability compensation or designation from the VA.

"It is important to explain the possible role of mycoplasmas in Gulf War Illnesses and chronic fatigue syndrome," said Dr. Baseman, who has studied mycoplasmas for 30 years and is regarded as one of the leading international experts on these microorganisms. "They attack cells and then hang around, sometimes inside of cells. They are hard to kill. Mycoplasmas exhibit a real parasitism with the host cells, resulting in the establishment of chronic infections.

"When we think of organisms or bacteria that could be associated with chronic fatigue syndrome and Gulf War Illnesses--two multiple-symptom disorders that are chronic--it makes sense to think of mycoplasmas. The proof is still lacking, however. That's why we're trying to do the science in this laboratory."


Graduating Smiles

Nursing School graduate Christallia Ingram Sparks, from left, graduate student speaker for the 1999 Nursing School commencement ceremony Dec. 18, poses with Nursing School Dean Dr. Janet Allan, and Jessica Martinez, undergraduate student speaker.


1999: The Year in Review

January

February

March

April


Local teachers participate in the OsCosts game, an interactive way for students to learn about osteoporosis and how decisions made earlier in life can affect the aging process. The OsCosts game was part of a two-week gerontology course aimed at teaching educators how to bring information on the aging process to students in the classroom.


 

May

June


Thelma Curlee of Kerrville is all smiles with her vascular surgeon, Health Science Center faculty member Dr. Boulos Toursarkissian. Surgeons used an experimental stent-graft apparatus to repair Curlee's abdominal aortic aneurysm.


July

August

September

October

November

December


Michele Angeloni of Cagliari, Sardinia, visits in his hospital room with clinical coordinator Cindy Rogers, surgery/neurosurgery, and Dr. G. Alexander West, surgery/neurosurgery. Dr. West performed a rare surgery to treat the teenager's epilepsy.


 

Winners receive door prizes from Holiday Reception drawing

The Health Science Center's 1999 Holiday Reception was a success. Employees generously donated more than 3,000 new and handmade toys to the Gifts for Children program, but many faculty and staff found themselves on the receiving end of a gift during the door prize drawing.

The following employees won prizes during the event: Pat Evertsen, safety office, and Judith Reichardt, university relations, both won a dinner for two at the Acadiana Café; Troy Apparicio, dental outpatient clinic, received a dinner for two at the Alamo Café; Mario Canales, building maintenance, won two American Airlines round-trip plane tickets; Frank Martinez, mail services, got a free weekend rental from Avis Rent-A-Car; E-Pyng Liu, computing resources, received a two-night stay at the Best Western plus a free dinner; and Jacqueline Roman, microbiology, Alma Merendon, microbiology, Robin Druckman, dental dean's office, Nora Bernal, radiology, Linda Harris, housekeeping, and Ralph Llanigan, student services, all won a half gallon of ice cream from the Blue Bell Creameries.

Dr. Kyumin Whang, restorative dentistry, Adam Rodriguez, telecommunications, and Darlene Garza, library, received four passes each to Classic Golf; Sylvia White, pharmacology, won a one-month membership to the Concord Athletic Club; and Maria Gomez, out-patient clinic, Renee Rodriguez, radiology, Mariette Bourdeau, family practice, and Rajam Ramamurthy, pediatrics, each received a two-night stay at the Country Hearth Inn. Irena Kosiba, pharmacology, won a one-night stay at the Courtyard by Marriott.

Other winners included Sylvia Moreno, student services, Casandra Miller, School of Nursing, and Sonja Scott, human resources, who each received a weekend rental from Enterprise Rent-A-Car; and Linda Wilds, continuing medical education, Evangeline Leh, pharmacology, and Laura McNeish, surgery, who each won a one-month membership to Gold's Gym. Milessa Neal, DSRDP, received a family fun pass to Grand Prix and Malibu Castle, and Pat Smith, president's office, won a one-night stay at the Holiday Inn Riverwalk.

Xiufenn Lei, surgery, received a two- night stay at the Hyatt Regency Hill Country Resort; Carol Nava, computing resources, won a one-night stay for two at La Mansion Del Rio; Rachel Rodriguez, pediatrics, received a dinner for two at Los Barrios Mexican Restaurant; Maria Hernandez, educational resources, won a gift certificate to Maggie's Restaurant; Susan Veliz, family practice, received a gift certificate for Medical Center Florist; and Xiaoping Xu, microbiology, won a weekend stay for two with brunch at the Omni Hotel.

Sharon Dennis, MSRDP, won a fajita dinner for two at Piedras Negras De Noche; Gregory DuValle, educational resources, won four passes to the Plaza Theatre of Wax; Elsa Toscano, MSRDP, received four passes to Ripley's Believe It or Not; Jesse Chantaca, facilities management, received a two-night stay at the Quality Inn Northwest; Dr. Ramon Baez, general dentistry, won dinner for two at Tex's Grill at the San Antonio Airport Hilton; Sally Crouser, educational resources, received a one-night stay at The Crockett Hotel; and Katherine Howard, biochemistry, won a two-night stay at The Menger Hotel.

Jianhua Zhang, medicine, and Sylvia Arroyos, educational resources, both received a three-month family membership to the Thousand Oaks Racquet Club. Catherine Salazar, library, won lunch for two at Tony Roma's Ribs; and Pengou Zuo, pediatrics, Jian Luo, radiology, and Debra Reyes, anesthesiology, each won a three-month membership to Women's Super Fitness.


COUNTDOWN
to Five-Digit Dialing

One week to go!

The new system begins Jan. 15.


Of Note

Aging series begins Jan. 11 at UH

Dr. Charles Mouton, community geriatrics, Department of Family Practice, will present the first session in the Successful Aging Series, "Issues in Older Women's Health," on Jan. 11 and Jan. 25. The sessions will be held from noon to 1 p.m. at the University Center for Community Health board room and are open to anyone who is interested in learning more about aging. Attendees are invited to bring their lunch. Call University Hospital's Learning Resources Department at 358-2355 for more information or to register.

Office products show set for Jan. 24

General Services/General Stores will host the annual Boise Cascade Office Products Show on Monday, Jan. 24, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. in the Auditorium Foyer. Factory representatives will be on hand to display the latest office products and information processing supplies. The 2000 Supplemental Office Products catalog will be available. Bring your 1999 catalog for recycling. Free refreshments will be served.

 

Applause

Dr. Donna Taliaferro, acute nursing care, has received the STT Delta Alpha Research Award. Dr. Taliaferro also has been appointed to the editorial board of Holistic Nursing Alert, a new on-line journal.


The annual President's Holiday Reception featured a record number of gifts for children. Employees donated 3,000 new and handmade gifts to the Gifts for Children program. The gifts were given to children, such as this little girl in her red wagon, who were being treated in various hospitals and clinics during the holidays.


 

Calendar for January 10 - 16

MONDAY, JAN. 10

7:00 a.m. Orthopaedic Teaching Conf. "Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas" (MED: 309L)

8:00 a.m. Rehab Medicine Lecture Series "Ultrasound I: Biophysics & Equipment," Drs. Patricia Almon & Mark Fredrickson (UH: Reeves Rehab Center 3rd-floor classroom)

Noon. Microbiology Seminar Series "Nef & gp41 Functions that Contribute to HIV-1 & SIV Pathology," Dr. Louis Alexander, Harvard Medical School (MED: 409L)

TUESDAY, JAN. 11

6:30 a.m. Podiatry Case Conf. (LEC: 2.010)

8:00 a.m. Rehab Medicine Lecture Series "Cervical Manipulation: A Review of Journal Articles," Drs. Erik Kussro & Mark Fredrickson (UH: Reeves Rehab Center 3rd-floor classroom)

9:00 a.m. Training Office "Copy Machine Procedures," Marcos Garcia (5th-floor Dental School) (call ext. 2320 to register)

9:00 a.m. Training Office "Lab Animal Resources," Carol Roberts (MED: 113D) (call ext. 2320 to register)

10:00 a.m. TNT "Health Information Management: Protecting the Confidentiality of Health Information," Hyla Winters, Community College of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas (call ext. 2700 for information)

Noon. Medicine Research Conf. "Estrogen's Effect on Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction," Dr. Laura Collins, & "Osteoporosis in Men with Prostate Cancer," Dr. Jan Bruder (MED: 209L)

1:15 p.m. Psychiatry Grand Rounds "Neurobiology of Psychotherapy," Dr. Jerald Kay, Wright State University School of Medicine (MED: 409L)

1:30 p.m. TNT "Laboratory Technology Issues: Coelomycetes in the Routine Microbiology Laboratory," Deanna Sutton (call ext. 2700 for information)

WEDNESDAY, JAN. 12

6:30 a.m. Podiatry Grand Rounds "Neurology in Podiatry," Dr. Liu (MED: 309L)

7:00 a.m. Vascular Surgery Grand Rounds, Dr. Mellick Sykes (MED: 209L)

8:00 a.m. Medical Grand Rounds "The Art of Clinical Diagnosis," Dr. Geoffrey Norman, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (MED: 409L)

8:30 a.m. Training Office "Payments to International Visitors," Thad Dorsey (call ext. 2320 to register)

9:00 a.m. Surgery Trauma M&M Conf., Dr. Ronald Stewart (MED: 309L)

10:00 a.m. TNT "Environmental Services: The Right Equipment Starts with the Right Selection," Alan Bigger, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Ind. (call ext. 2700 for information)

10:00 a.m. TNT "Laboratory Management: Developing Successful Strategies for Meeting JCAHO Regulations," Dr. Ronald Laessig, University of Wisconsin, Madison (call ext. 2700 for information)

Noon. Cellular & Structural Biology Seminar Series, Dr. Gerard Evan, University of California at San Francisco (MED: 209L)

Noon. Pharmacology Seminar Series "The Effect of EGF Receptor & HER2 Antagonists on Proliferation, Cell Death & Growth of Cancer Cells In Vitro & In Vivo," Dr. Michael Brattain (MED: 444B)

1:00 p.m. Training Office "Meeting Skills," Anita Glass (call ext. 2320 to register)

THURSDAY, JAN. 13

7:30 a.m. Thoracic Surgery Resident Teaching Conf. (VA: 4th-floor CT Library A404 )

9:00 a.m. Training Office "Library Pathways," Cathy Rhodes (Briscoe Library room 2A) (call ext. 2320 to register)

11:00 a.m. TNT "Radiology: Pediatric Radiography," Eileen Ahlswede, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Madison (call ext. 2700 for information)

Noon. Pulmonary, Thoracic & Oncology Conf. (MED: 309L)

Noon. Microbiology Seminar Series "Potential for Utilization of a Lytic Gene in Anti-EBV-Associated Tumor Strategies," Dr. Erik Flemington, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (MED: 444B)

12:30 p.m. TNT "Pain Management: Chronic Pain: Pharmacological & Physical Therapy," Drs. John Kuhn & Clayton Gable (call ext. 2700 for information

4:00 p.m. Surgery Tumor Conference, Dr. Anatolio Cruz (MED: 209L)

4:30 p.m. City-Wide Thoracic Grand Rounds Conf. "Case Presentation," Dr. A. Joseph Atiya (MED: 309L)

FRIDAY, JAN. 14

7:30 a.m. Pediatric Grand Rounds "Dermatomyositis," Dr. Joe Cole, CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Children's Hospital (MED: 409L)

8:00 a.m. Rehab Medicine Lecture Series "Hydrotherapy," Drs. James Williams & Mark Fredrickson (UH: Reeves Rehab Center 3rd-floor classroom)

8:30 a.m. Training Office "Personnel Evaluations," Bill Salata (call ext. 2320 to register)

10:00 a.m. TNT "Health Care Chaplains: Chaplaincy in Outpatient Settings: The New Norm," Melba Banks, VA Medical Center, Ashville, N.C. (call ext. 2700 for information)

Noon. TNT "Urology: Prostate Cancer--Opportunities for Prevention of the Most Common Cancer in Men," Dr. Ian Thompson (call ext. 2700 for information)

SATURDAY, JAN. 15

7:15 a.m. Surgical Physiology Conf., Dr. Kenneth Sirinek (MED: 209L)

9:00 a.m. General Surgery Grand Rounds, Dr. Wayne Schwesinger (MED: 209L)

 

Index of Issues

THE NEWS is published Fridays by the Office of Public Affairs for faculty and staff of The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

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